COLM 2026

Learning to Draw ASCII Improves Spatial Reasoning in Language Models

Shiyuan Huang*, Li Liu*, Jincheng He, Leilani H. Gilpin

University of California, Santa Cruz *equal contribution

Try this first

Six places in a small town

Tap a direction in the text.

Work it out in your head, then tap your answer. No drawing yet.

Now draw it.

Tap a square to place the highlighted landmark.

    A sketch a language model can draw.

    A language model writes only text. To study how it sketches, we put the map in text form: an ASCII grid with one letter per place.

    
            

      People sketch to think about space. Do language models?

      Once a model has learned to sketch, does it reason better from words alone?

      1 · Learn

      It practices one thing: drawing.

      “A is above B. C is at 3 o'clock from B. D is northwest of A.”

      +--+--+--+
      |D |  |  |
      +--+--+--+
      |  |A |  |
      +--+--+--+
      |  |B |C |
      +--+--+--+

      Learning to draw ASCII from textual spatial descriptions.

      2 · Test

      Then it gets a question in words.

      “D is below E. F is to the left of E. Where is D relative to F?”

      • No ASCII given
      • No ASCII drawn

      It reads the text and answers with a word.

      3 · Result

      And it answers better.

      The same question, to the same model:

      • ✗ Before learning to draw below
      • ✓ After learning to draw lower-right
      Synthetic example. More in the paper.

      Learning to draw ASCII improves spatial reasoning in language models.

      Read the paper

      What could learning to draw teach them?